Air conditioning
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Air conditioning is a process in which heat and moisture is removed
from the air to give comfortable environment to the occupants. Air conditioning
is used for domestic and industrial purposes. This process is most widely used
for comfort of human, animals, birds etc. However, it is used to cool down the
electronic devices e.g. computers, generators and to cool down the perishable
commodities like vegetables as they have less shelf life and by decreasing the
temperature they can be stored for several days. Cold stores and controlled
atmospheric storages are examples for air conditioning for perishable
commodities.
Usually, air conditioner has a fan distributing condensed and conditioned air to the room or indoor environment for which it is installed. Small refrigerant type air conditioners are used to cool small bedroom almost having capacity of a single person and large air conditioners are installed on the roofs and can cool the entire office.
Cooling is basically obtained by a refrigeration cycle but
sometimes by evaporation is used. Cooling is also can be obtained by desiccants
to remove moisture and heat. Generally, air conditioning is the modification of
air in any form like, heating, cooling, dehumidification, humidification,
cooling etc. Commonly it is used to remove the heat of air.
Refrigeration Cycle:
In refrigeration cycle, heat is moved to warmer region from colder
region. As naturally, heat flow is opposite (warmer to cold), work is required
for refrigeration cycle. A refrigerator is an example because it expels the
heat outside the room (from colder to warmer). A refrigerant is a material
which is used for the removal of heat which ejects the heat somewhere else.
The
refrigerant vapour enters the compressor where its temperature and pressure are
increased. Now, that vapour is in the condition when it can be condensed, and
heat can be removed. So, refrigerant vapour is poured into condenser and it is
condensed by the air flow around it. It removes the heat from the system and
heat is carried out through air. The evolving of heat can be easily seen by
pouring water on the surface of condenser coils.
The condensed, compressed and somewhat hot refrigerant is moved
again by this cycle through expansion valve. Where the sudden reduction of
pressure is occurred, and flash vaporization of refrigerant occur. As the
result, temperature of refrigerant becomes low. The cooled refrigerant is moved
toward evaporator and expelled out. The fan blows near the evaporator allows
the air to evaporate the cool refrigerant which further decrease the
temperature of refrigerant. The warm air is cooled and pumped into the room. To
complete the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant is moved backed to the
compressor.
Domestic usage:
Air conditioning is very common in United States
with 88% of newly constructed homes, has range from 99% in southern areas to
62% in the Western areas. In Canada air conditioning varies province to
province – usually above than average. In Europe home air conditioning is not
more common. In India, the air conditioners have high prices. Their sales
are instead of decreasing, increasing day by day. Excessive air conditioning can
have a bad effect on human health.
